2020年高考考试英语考试知识点一遍过考试知识点15 非谓语动词

考试知识点15非谓语动词

高考考试频度：★★★★★ 

 【命题解析】

非谓语动词是动词使用方法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不只有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外小心其所表达的逻辑关系，这类都是非谓语动词使用方法的难题。

    近年来，高考考试对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：目前分词和过去分词入门知识；目前分词和过去分词句法功能；目前分词和过去分词使用方法有什么区别和辨析；目前分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；目前分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带用途等。

    另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的使用方法等。

【命题预测】

预测2020年高考考试非谓语动词仍将是考查的重点。非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错中考查的份额非常重。

【复习建议】  

1. 学会非谓语动词的基本使用方法和含义；

2. 学会非谓语动词的时态和语态；

3. 学会非谓语动词的句法功能；

4. 学会非谓语动词在不一样的语境、语意下的运用。

非谓语动词的形式和意义

考向一非谓语动词作状语

1．不定式作状语

作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不可以用作目的状语。

☞To keep themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.

为了不至于睡着，他们坐在地板上轮流着讲故事。

作结果状语，表示出人预料的结果，常常与only连用。

☞We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left.

大家急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已开走了。

作缘由状语

①形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作缘由状语。容易见到词有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased等。

☞We’re proud to be young people of China.

作为中国年轻人大家感到自豪。

②在“主语＋系动词＋表语＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常见的形容词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。

☞The chair is very comfortable to sit on.

这把椅子坐上去非常舒服。

1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.

A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy

【参考答案】A

【分析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的便捷，不少老年市民开始用智能手机。故选A。

2.（2018·新课标I卷·语法填空） You don’t have to run fast or for long ______________________________  the benefit.

【参考答案】to see

【答案分析】考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它有哪些好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。

3.I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________.

A. catching      B. caught    

C. to catch     D. to be caught

【参考答案】C

【答案分析】考查非谓语动词。主语I与catch是主动关系，且catch动作未发生，因此需用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义，作train的定语。句意：整个会议期间，我一直在看表，由于我要赶一班火车。

【解题方法】 动词的不定式使用方法口诀：

2．分词作状语

作状语的分词需要其逻辑主语与句子的主语维持一致。

☞Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class.

因为老师对他所做的事情非常认可，于是在班上表彰了他。

若目前分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用目前分词的完成形式。

☞Having cleaned the desks，we began reading.

擦完桌子后，大家便开始看书。

若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用目前分词完成式的被动形式。

☞Having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library.

大家被领着看了教室后，又被带去看图书馆。

如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词。

☞Seen from the TOP of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.

从山顶上看，这座城市非常漂亮。

如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用目前分词形式。

☞Seeing from the TOP of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.

从山顶上看，大家发现这个公园看上去愈加漂亮。

1.（2019·新课标II卷·短文改错）All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.

【参考答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,  that I had a talent for football.

【分析】考查目前分词。本句句意：操场上所有些足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天分。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作随着状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。

2. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.

A. having exceeded     B. to exceed

C. exceeded     D. exceeding

【答案】D

【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这段时间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超越行情分析师持有些12,000的预期数目。剖析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用目前分词作结果状语。故选D。 3. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated.

A. being allowed      B. allowing   

C. having allowed      D. allowed

【参考答案】B

【答案分析】考查非谓语动词。“医院引进新的医疗设施”和“更多的患者得到治疗”之间是主动的关系，因此用v.­ing形式。此处用目前分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。句意：医院近期引进了新的医疗设施，从而使更多的患者得到治疗。

考向二非谓语动词作宾语

1．下列动词只可以用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀

决心掌握想期望，拒绝设法愿假装。

主动答应选计划，赞同请求帮一帮。

decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose，plan; agree，ask/beg，help。

除此之外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。

☞She pretended not to see me when I passed by.

当我经过时，她假装没看见我。

2．有的动词只可以用动名词作宾语

【巧学妙记】巧记动词后跟动名词的口诀： 

☞I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.

今天下午假如你能给我回电话，我将很感激。

3．下列短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语

be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，stick to，object to，

☞He has accustomed to living the small village.

他已经习惯了住在这个小乡村。

☞We are looking forward to coming to China.

大家期待着来中国。

4．下列动词或词组既能够跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有不同，要特别注意

☞I didn’t mean to hurt you.我本无意伤害你。

☞Doing morning exercises means getting up early.  

做早操意味着早起床。

1.（2019·浙江卷·语法填空）But some students didn't want __________  the uniform.

【参考答案】to wear

【答案分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。

2.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）Scientists have responded by  __________  that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements,…

【参考答案】noting

【答案分析】考查非谓语动词。依据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。

3. （2018·新课标I卷·语法填空）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ______________________________  early by running.

【参考答案】 dying

【答案分析】你或许喝酒、抽烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会降低早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。

4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on __________all the people who had helped in her career.

  A. to thank   B. thanking    

C. having thanked    D. to have thanked

【参考答案】A

【答案分析】句意：在获得奥斯卡最好女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不一样的事情，所以选A。

考向三非谓语动词作宾补

1．感官动词see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：

☞I saw him leave a few minutes ago.

我看见他几分钟前离开了。

☞To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.

为了学好英语，大家应该尽量多地找机会听英语。

2．使役动词make，let，have，get后加复合宾语的状况

The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.那个老师提升了嗓门以便其他人能听到他。

☞Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.

让那些需要的人了解大家会尽全力去帮他们。

☞He had the fire burning all night.他让火燃烧了一夜。

☞He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他试图使他的工作在医学界被认同。

1.once his message was delivered, he allowed me __________ and watch.

【参考答案】 

【答案分析】考查非谓语动词。此处allow sb to do允许某人做某事，动词不定式作宾补，应该用to stay。

2.  I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.

A. taking     B. taken

C. being taken     D. take

【参考答案】B

【答案分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不能不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。

3.Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ______________________________ live is quite another.

A. perform            B. performing        

C. to perform           D. being performed

【参考答案】D

【答案分析】句意：在家面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. doing 表听到某人/某物做某事。因为音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。

考向四非谓语动词作定语

1．目前分词作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。

☞A young teacher teaching English came to apply for the position.

一位教英语的年轻老师来申请这个工作职位。

2．过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完成。

☞Tsinghua University，founded in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。

3．不定式作定语表示未做的事情。

☞The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.将在会议上讨论的那个问题尤为重要。

 1.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene __________ she had no plans __________  from her 36-year-old business.

【参考答案】to retire

【答案分析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。

2.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）When we got a call __________ she was short-listed，we thought it was __________ joke.

【参考答案】saying

【答案分析】考查非谓语动词。依据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用目前分词形式saying作后置定语，讲解名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。

 3. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ with his students.

A. to spend       B. spend      

C. spending       D. spent

【参考答案】D

【答案分析】考查非谓语动词。  剖析句子结构可知，________ with his students是非谓语动词短语作后置定语，且“时光”是被度过，而且这里指的是“已经被度过的时光”， 故选 D 。句意：吉姆已经退休了， 但他仍然记得跟学生们一块度过的快乐时光。

考向五非谓语动词作主语和表语

1．不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的、定义性的动作，可以是多次的、常常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，特别是某一次的动作。

☞Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth.

吃太多的巧克力对你的牙齿有害。

☞To complete that building in ten months was a great achievement.

那座楼10个月就盖成是一个了不起的收获。

2．动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特点；不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示以后的动作。

☞Our job is playing all kinds of music.

大家的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。

☞His ambition is to go to Harvard University.

他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。

3．下列句型中常用动名词作主语：

☞It’s no use complaining without taking action.

不采取行动只不过抱怨是没用的。

, we went home. 工作完成后，大家才回家。

2. 作条件状语

☞Weather permitting , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.

假如天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

3. 作缘由状语

☞An important lecture to be given tomorrow , the professor has to stay up late into the night. 由于明天要发表一个要紧的演讲，教授不能不熬夜到非常晚。

4. 作随着状语

☞He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head .

他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。

5. 表补充说明

☞A hunter came in, his face red with cold .

一个猎人走了进去，他的脸冻得通红。

注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或缘由时，等于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示缘由时还可放在句末；表随着情况或补充说明时，等于一个并列句，一般放于句末。

Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

A. being spent             B. having spent     

C. spent                 D. spending

【参考答案】C

【答案分析】考查独立主格结构。句意：工薪族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会遭到健康问题的困扰。剖析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不同，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。

题组一 基础过关

I.用所给词的适合形式填空

1.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused ________ until we reached the next sTOP.

2.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________ all the people who had helped in her career.

3.I got to the office earlier that day，________ the 7：30 train from Paddington.

4.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________ whether to stay or leave.

5.________ the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.

6.One morning，I was waiting at the bus sTOP，worried about ________ late for school.

7.It took years of work ________ the industrial pollution and clean the water.

9.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.

9.Keep ________ your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.

10. ________ in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.

题组二 能力提高

I．单项填空

1.The number of Internet users in China ________hit 604 million by the end of September in 2013, with mobile phones ________the favored means of accessing the Web.

A. had; becoming B. have; became

C. has; to become D. have; becomes

2.Most of her spare time ________, she still kept on her research in the library.

A. occupied B. had been occupied

C.to be occupied D. was occupied

3.Many people are believed ________their homes in the past month as a result of the flood.

A.to leave B.to have left

C.to be leaving D.to be left

4.________of risk in the street at night, the girl had to go home, with a friend accompanying her.

A. Warning B. Having warned

C. Having been warned D. to be warned

5.When ________about the reason for winning the prize, the girl owed the success to her teachers.

A. asked B. asking

C. being asked D. having asked

6.She suggested several ideas to help him keep the children__________.

A. being entertained B.to entertain

C. entertained D.to be entertained

7.A Chinese passenger was among people ________when a Mozambique Airlines plane crashed in a national park in northeastern Namibia ________all on board.

A. killing; to kill B. killed; killed

C. having killed; killing D. killed; killing

8.The lake water is polluted by chemicals from the factory, and the water is not fit ________any longer.

A.to be drunk B. being drunk

C.to drink it D.to drink

9.The soldier narrowly escaped ________in the fierce battle.

A. have killed B. killing

C.to be killed D. being killed

10.Your father died when you were very young, ________me with the full burden of bringing you up.

A.to leave B. left

C. leaving D. being left

II．语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适合的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ______________________________ and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ______________________________ object. Yes, there beneath the leafy TOP of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.

Pahlsson screamed ______________________________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt ______________________________,＂says Pahlsson. 

Sixteen years ______________________________ , Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring  ______________________________  a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband ______________________________  the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. ＂I gave up hope of finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it.

Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ______________________________  into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ______________________________ it remained until the carrot’s leafy TOP accidentally sprouted through it. For Pahlsson, its return was ______________________________ wonder.

题组三 体验考试真题

1.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods __________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________  consistently over a large area.

2. （2019·北京卷·语法填空）Nervously __________    challenges, I know I will whisper to __________ the two simple words “Be yourself”.

3.（2018·天津卷） I didn't mean ________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.

A. to eat；to try     B. eating；trying

C. eating；to try     D. to eat； trying

4. Many Chinese brands, ________their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.

A. having developed         B. being developed  

C. developed               D. developing

5.（2016 • 北京）________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.

A. Made          B. Make

C. Making        D. To make

6.（2016 • 北京） Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.

A. turn                  B. turning

C. to turn               D. turned

7.（2016·江苏）To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study _________in Australia in 2012.

A.having conducted B.to be conducted

C.conducting D.conducted

8.______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.

A. Ordering                            B. To order

C. Having ordered                    D. Ordered

9.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________within the work.

A.to hide B. hidden

C. hiding D. being hidden

10.（2016 • 天津）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ________ air conditioning unnecessary.

A. making            B. to make        

C. made              D. being made

题组一 基础过关

用所给词的适合形式填空

1.to sTOP 2.to thank  3.having caught 4.wondering 5.To catch

6.being 7.to reduce 8.using 9.holding 10.Raised

题组二 能力提高

I．单项填空

1.A  【分析】考查时态和with的复合结构。由句中的"by the end of September of this year"可知谓语应用had，表示"过去的过去"。第二空处是with的复合结构"with+宾语+宾语补足语"。become与"mobile phones"之间是主谓关系，故用目前分词形式becoming。

2.A  【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的大多数时间都被占了，她仍然坚持在图书馆里从事研究工作。空格后为句子，且题干中没连词，由此可知此处是独立主格结构，可排除B项和D项。由句意可知，此处不表示以后的行为，故选A。

3.B  【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：大家觉得，因为洪灾，在过去的一个月里不少人离开家园。be believed to do"大家觉得"，该短语中的不定式可依据需要使用不一样的形式。依据句意可知，此处应用不定式的完成式表示该动作先于谓语动词表示的动作发生。

4.C  【分析】考查目前分词的完成被动式。句意：因为已经被警告过夜晚街上的危险，那个女生不能不让一个朋友陪着她回家。动词warn与其逻辑主语the girl是动宾关系，应用被动语态，故排除A项和B项，因为"被提醒"这一动作发生在"回家"这一动作之前，所以用目前分词的完成被动式。故选C。

5.A 【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问及获奖是什么原因时，这个女生把成功归功于她的老师们。When后面的句子补充完整是"When she was asked"，根据状语从句的省略原则，省略主语she和be动词，所以选A项。

6.C  【分析】考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意：她出了几个主意帮助他逗孩子们高兴。"keep+宾语+宾语补足语"结构中，动词作宾语补足语一般用其目前分词或过去分词形式，故排除B和D;being entertained"正在被娱乐"，与句意不符，故排除A。"keep+宾语+宾语补足语"结构中，宾语children与entertain为动宾关系，故选C。 

7.D  【分析】考查非谓语动词的使用方法。第一空用过去分词作定语，表示被动；第二空用目前分词作结果状语。句意：一架莫桑比克航空企业的客机在纳米比亚东北区域的一个国家公园里坠毁时，机上全部职员遇难，其中有一位中国籍乘客。 

8.D  【分析】形容词fit后跟不定式结构需要用主动形式表示被动意义，注意drink后不再跟宾语it。故选D。

9.D 【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位士兵差一点在激烈的战斗中阵亡。escape后接动名词作宾语，"The soldier"与动词kill之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态。故选D项。 

10.C 【分析】依据逗号及逗号后无连词可知此处应作状语，主语father与leave之间是主谓关系，故用目前分词表示合乎逻辑的结果。故选C。句意：你爸爸在你非常小的时候就过世了，留下我自己承担抚养你的全部责任。

II．语法填空

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在花园里拔胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的故事。

1. carrots 

【分析】考查名词。依据＂a handful of ＂可知要用carrot的复数形式，故填carrots。

2. shiny/shining 

【分析】考查形容词。a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny或shining。

3. so 

【分析】考查固定结构。依据空后的＂loudly that her daughter came running from the house＂可知这里为so…that结构，意为＂这样……以至于＂，故填so。

4. myself 

【分析】考查代词。主语为I，横线处为宾语，依据语境可知这里指她以为＂我＂弄伤了自己。故填myself。

5. earlier 

【分析】考查形容词。这里指早在十六年前，故填earlier。

6. to cook 

【分析】考查动词不定式。一个句子不可以出现双重谓语，所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。故填to cook。

7. searched 

【分析】考查动词时态。依据＂but turned up nothing＂可知这里是叙述过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时，故填searched。

8. swept 

【分析】考查动词。ring与sweep之间是被动关系，要用被动语态。故填swept。

9. where 

【分析】考查连接词。剖析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，定语从句中缺少地址状语，先行词为the garden，表示地址，故填关系副词where。

10. a 

【分析】考查冠词。wonder是可数名词的单数形式，且此处表示泛指，因此其前应加不定冠词a。故填a。

题组三 体验考试真题

1.to perform

【分析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作缘由或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代办法只不过在二十世纪八十年代以来开始使用，并且在这样大地区内持续使用是昂贵的，故此处用to perform。

2.facing

【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我了解我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你一个人”。剖析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用目前分词作状语。故填facing。

3.D

【分析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不计划吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看着这样的好以至于我忍不住的要尝试一下。固定短语短语mean to do（计划做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。

4.A

【分析】考查非谓语动词。many Chinese brands与develop是逻辑上的主谓关系，也是主动关系，再依据over centuries可知“进步”的动作在“面临挑战”之前早就完成了，故用目前分词的完成式，故选A项。句意：很多已经进步了几个世纪的声誉的中国品牌，目前正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。

5.D 

【分析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更便捷地联系到大家，你最好随身携带这张卡片。这里动不定式短语作目的状语，故选D。

6.B  

【分析】考查目前分词表随着情况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用目前分词作状语，故选B。

7.D 

【分析】句意：回到水污染这个问题，我想叫你看看2012年在澳大利亚所做的一项研究。在该句中，应该注意区别目前分词和过去分词的使用方法。此处非谓语动词的逻辑主语是空格前面的名词a study，与conduct构成被动关系，所以依据原则应该用过去分词形式conducted表示被动，A项和C项是主动关系要排除，同时B项不定式表示＂以后＂，而依据语意，此处为已经完成的动作，也可以排除，所以选D项。

8.D

【分析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：那些书是一周多之前订的，目前随时大概送到。Books和order是动宾关系，即order books/books are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此等于缘由状语从句because they were ordered...，故选D。

9.B

【分析】考分数查询词作定语。本句中名词短语a secret message与动词hide构成被动关系，所以用过去分词短语hidden within the work在句中做后置定语，修饰名词短语a secret message，等于定语从句that is hidden within  the work。AC项表示主动含义，D项强调正在进行，与语境不符。故B正确。

10.A  

【分析】句意：冷风从大家卧室的窗户吹进去，没必要开空调了。前面的事情导致后面的结果，用目前分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但表示预料不到的结果。故选A。