2014年普通高等学校招生全国高中三年级英语统一考试

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）

试题副标题

考试范围：xxx；考试时间：120分钟；命题人：xxx

听下面的短对话，选出最好选项。

1.  （1分）  

A．A policewoman. B．A judge.

C．A reporter. D．A waitress.

2.  （1分）  

A．Confident. B．Puzzled. C．Satisfied. D．Worried.

3.  （1分）  

A．At a restaurant.

B．At a car rental agency.

C．In a bank.

D．In a driving school.

4.  （1分）  

A．A disaster. B．A new roof.

C．A performance. D．A TV station.

5.  （1分）  

A．Catch the train.

B．Meet Jane.

C．Get some stationery.

D．Clean the backyard.

6.  （1分）  

A．Ask for something cheaper.

B．Buy the vase she really likes.

C．Protect herself from being hurt.

D．Bargain with the shop assistant.

7.  （1分）  

A．Use a computer in the lab.

B．Take a chemistry course.

C．Help him revise his report.

D．Get her computer repaired.

8.  （1分）  

A．Amused. B．Embarrassed. C．Shocked. D．Sympathetic.

9.  （1分）  

A．She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.

B．She has already told the man about her plan.

C．She isn't planning to leave her university.

D．She recently visited a different university.

10. （1分）  

A．It spoke highly of the mayor.

B．It misinterpreted the mayor's speech.

C．It made the mayor's view clearer.

D．It carried the mayor's speech accurately.

听下面的长对话，选出最好选项。

11. A．70. B．20. C．25. D．75.

12. A．The houses there can't be sold.

B．It is a place for work and holiday.

C．The cabins and facilities are shared.

D．It is run by the residents themselves.

13. A．A skiing resort.

B．A special community.

C．A splendid mountain.

D．A successful businesswoman.

14. A．Those who often sent text messages.

B．Those who suffered from heart disease.

C．Those who did no physical exercise.

D．Those who were unmarried.

15. A．They responded more slowly than usual.

B．They sent more messages.

C．They typed 10 percent faster on average.

D．They edited more passages.

16. A．Why chemical therapy works.

B．Why marriage helps fight cancer.

C．How unmarried people survive cancer.

D．How cancer is detected after marriage.

听下面的录音，填写正确的单词或短语。

17. （4分）  

Write ONE WORD for each answer.

18. （4分）  

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

My stay in New York

After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, __________ I might have a better chance to find a good job. __________  some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believed that __________ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.

Over time, the high cosplayt of living became a little burden on my already __________  shoulders. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had said that __________ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps, __________ my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.

Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty __________  myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration. I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned __________ I realise that a quiet town life was the best for me.

The giant vending machine is a new village shop

Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in the form of the country's first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.

Peter Fox, who is __________ electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine __________   with security cameras and alarms, and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.

Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, __________ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.

He said: "I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn't find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by __________. The result is what amounts to a huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term automatic shop is far __________ ."

In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains __________  village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400village shops closed, __________  the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new community stores.

Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their own volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution __________ those villages without a local shop.

Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __________ at the supermarket. Since you really __________ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help __________ some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket—including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.

Governments don't have to __________ healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect—one that encourages us to choose what is best—we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with __________ hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.

The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __________ foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains __________ by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __________ that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be __________; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __________. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.

Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __________.

Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __________ do with it? We gossip. about others'behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out and why; how to deal with difficult __________ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.

So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __________, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really __________ issues.

Dunbar __________ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar __________, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.

Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __________ of the higher primates like monkeys. By means of grooming, cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or __________ from outside it.

As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __________ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __________ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __________ the pressure and calm everybody down.

But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __________ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __________ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __________ contact.

45. A．claim B．description C．gossip D．language

46. A．occasionally B．habitually

C．independently D．originally

47. A．social B．political C．historical D．cultural

48. A．admirers B．masters C．users D．wasters

49. A．vital B．sensitive C．ideal D．difficult

50. A．confirms B．rejects C．outlines D．broadens

51. A．for instance B．in addition

C．on the contrary D．as a result

52. A．motivation B．appearance C．emotion D．behaviour

53. A．attack B．contact C．inspection D．assistance

54. A．recalls B．denies C．concludes D．confesses

55. A．prospect B．responsibility

C．leadership D．protection

56. A．measure B．show C．maintain D．ease

57. A．saved B．extended C．consumed D．gained

58. A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．thoughtful

59. A．indirect B．daily C．physical D．secret

Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.

Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.

Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.

Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds'nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.

Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.

Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.

As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.

60. A plover protects its young from a predator by __________.

A．getting closer to its young

B．driving away the adult predator

C．leaving its young in another nest

D．pretending to be injured

61. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" , the author means __________.

A．chimps are ready to attack others

B．chimps are sometimes dishonest

C．chimps are jealous of the winners

D．chimps can be selfish too

62. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.

B．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.

C．Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.

D．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.

63. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．Do animals lie?

B．Does Mother Nature fool animals?

C．How do animals learn to lie?

D．How does honesty help animals survive?

Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.

Here's how it works:

A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create–or break–habits of your own.

Here's how to apply it:

Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?

64. Which of the following best fits in the box with a "?" in THE HABIT LOOP?

A．Pick a new cue.

B．Form a new habit.

C．Choose a new reward.

D．Design a new resolution.

65. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by __________.

A．changing the routine

B．trying it for a week

C．adjusting your goal

D．writing it down

66. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?

A．To test out different kinds of cues.

B．To do something as a habit even without rewards.

C．To work out the best New Year's resolution.

D．To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.

67. "This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?

A．The Harry Potter poster.

B．Reading 30 pages of an English novel.

C．An English newspaper.

D．Watching TV for half an hour.

If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said, "That's the picture I remember best."

The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the TOP. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.

To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.

Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism—the bias that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.

The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."

68. The word "swapping" is closest in meaning to __________.

A．building B．exchanging

C．controlling D．transplanting

69. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that __________.

A．our feelings are related to our bodily experience

B．we can learn to take control of other people's bodies

C．participants will live more passionately after the experiment

D．The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes

70. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, __________.

A．they fought strongly against racism

B．they scored lower on the test for racism

C．they changed their behaviour dramatically

D．they were more biased against those unlike them

71. It can be concluded from the passage that __________.

A．technology helps people realize their dreams

B．our biases could be eliminated through experiments

C．virtual reality helps promote understanding among people

D．our points of view about others need changing constantly

More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility . CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.

Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.

So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations and to governments, create codes of conduct and devote themselves to more transparency in their operations. Increasingly, too, they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.

All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.

Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you're your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?

Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue : it is just good business.

72. Both __________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.

73. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.

________________________________________________________________________________________________

74. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to __________.

75. According to the passage, "good business" means that corporations __________ while making profits.

76. （3分）我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。（accustomed）

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

77. （3分）以后过什么样的生活取决于你一个人。（be up to）

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

78. （3分）没什么比获准参加太空旅游项目更让人开心的了。（than）

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

79. （3分）父母嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。（for fear）

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

80. （4分）虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予买家更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。（turn）

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

81. （25分）学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有些三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时髦、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封邮件，表达你的看法。邮件须包含以下内容：

1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的原因；

2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的原因。

参考答案及分析

1、 听短对话选择

1.  【答案】A

 【分析】依据男性说I want to report a theft.可判断出女性是一位警察，故选A。

2.  【答案】D

 【分析】女性说：你会小心的，对吧？The road is very icy.可知她非常担忧，故选D。

3.  【答案】B

 【分析】依据 女性说We've got a nice car already. I need to see your driver's license and credit card.可知这是一个汽车出租机构，故选B。

4.  【答案】A

 【分析】依据 CCTV is reporting an enormous flooding now!可知他们在谈论一个灾害，故选A。

5.  【答案】B

 【分析】男性说：I an picking Jane up from the railway station at 3, but I will help you as soon as I get back. 可知他要先接Jane，故选B。

6.  【答案】D

 【分析】男性说：Maybe you can get a better price at count time to ask.可知他建议女性跟店员讨价还价。故选D。

7.  【答案】A

 【分析】依据男性说：I am in the middle of revising my report. You know the computer lab is open. 可知男性正在用电脑，暗示女性可以去lab用电脑，故选A。

8.  【答案】C

 【分析】男性说：Are you kidding?语气中是吃惊，故选C。

9.  【答案】C

 【分析】男性问：你明年没计划换大学吧？女性说：If I were, you'd be the first to know. 意思是不会换大学，故选C。

10. 【答案】B

 【分析】依据 I think they twisted the meaning of what he said. 意思是他们曲解了他的演讲，故选B。

2、 听长对话选择

●

11. 【答案】C

 【分析】依据Paradise Ridge is home to 25 families.可知目前有25个家庭住在这里，故选C。

12. 【答案】D

 【分析】问题是Paradise Ridge有什么特别之处？依据 Everybody has to take responsibility from day to day running of the community···可知这里的大家自己管理社区，故选D。

13. 【答案】B

 【分析】此题问主旨总结题，本文介绍了一个特殊的社区Paradise Ridge，故选B。

●

14. 【答案】C

 【分析】依据 Those who engaged in no physical activity were 27 more likely to have symptoms of depression···可知缺少体育运动的人容易抑郁，故选C。

15. 【答案】A

 【分析】依据···they took 10 percent longer than average to send a message and they did more editing than usual. 可知学生对着电脑说谎时，反映比平常慢，故选A。

16. 【答案】B

 【分析】这是主旨总结题。依据消息所述，结结婚以后能更早发现癌症和得到适合的治疗，夫妻的督促和支持在化疗中也非常重要，所以讲的是问什么婚姻可以打败癌症。故选B。

3、 听力填空

17. 【答案】conference；

daylight；

moving；

overcrowded；

 【分析】空1：依据 I'm heading off for a conference in London. 故填conference。

空2：依据 I really appreciate the daylight. 故填daylight。

空3：依据 Another thing I like is the moving walkways. 故填moving。

空4：依据 The shops are often overcrowded. 故填overcrowded。

18. 【答案】implications and conclusions；

reasoning；

Figures；

keep questioning；

 【分析】空1：依据 you should Assess the writer's ideas and thinking about the implications and conclusions of what the writer is saying. 故填implications and conclusions。

空2：依据 first you should identify the argument and work out  the writer's main line of reasoning. 故填reasoning。

空3 : 依据 They may be in the form of figures,survey results, examples, etc. 故填Figures。

空4 : 依据  Remember the key to critical thinking is to read actively and keep asking yourself questions···故填keep questioning。

4、 依据短文内容或单词的正确形式填空

●   【剖析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了我在纽约生活所遇见的状况，意识到原来安静的小城生活才是比较适合我的。

19. 【答案】where；

 【分析】考查定语从句。"So I decided to leave home for New York, __________ I might have a better chance to find a good job."空格前有逗号，逗号前后都是完整句子，这说明其中一个应该是从句，结合该句句意，后一句应该是修饰前一句中New York的定语从句，因为New York是地址，故填where。

20. 【答案】To earn；

 【分析】考查非谓语动词。空格所在部分表示“为了支付平时开支”是一个目的状语，而不定时可以表示目的，故填To earn。

21. 【答案】as soon as或as long as；

 【分析】考查连词。依据空格后的“I was offered a good position, I would resign at once”可知，上下句之间可表示逻辑上的条件关系。此时填as long as应道条件状语从句；也可以表示上句是下句的时间状语，即“我一找到更好的工作，就会立刻辞去这个”，此时填as soon as。故填as soon as或as long as。

22. 【答案】exhausted；

 【分析】考查形容词作定语。空格所填应该修饰后面shoulders，这里要表明作者“感到疲倦的”所以应该用过去分词形式exhausted。故填exhausted。

23. 【答案】if；

 【分析】考查连词。妈妈所说话要表达意思“假如我想有一个好的职业进步，就需要在城里找到一份工作”，故填if。

24. 【答案】what；

 【分析】考查主语从句，空格处引导主语从句，并做 told的宾语，表达“妈妈说的话”故关系词应用what。故填what。

25. 【答案】adapting；

 【分析】考查固定搭配。have difficulty doing sth. 所以adapt应该用adapting。故填adapting。

26. 【答案】did；

 【分析】考查倒装句。由于Not until表否定且坐落于句首，所在句子应用部分倒装，所以空格处填助动词did。故填did。

●   【剖析】本文是一篇新闻报道，是应用文。在英国科里弗顿的德比郡村庄（the Derbyshire village of Clifton）以前大家平时用品用完之后总是要驱车到非常远的地方去购买，一个电力工程师花了两年半的时间从事一项利民的创造项目，在这个没商店的村子安装自动售货机，想给没商店的村子提供一个解决的办法，以缓解当地居民购物不便捷的近况。

27. 【答案】an；

 【分析】考查冠词的使用方法。一个电力工程师花了两年半的时间从事这个项目。这里考查冠词，泛指一个电力工程师，用不定冠词，electrical是元音音素[ɪ]开头的单词，故填an。

28. 【答案】is equipped；

 【分析】考查动词的时态和语态。这个机器配备有安全摄像机和警报。考查词组“配备有…...”be equipped with，由于主语是单数，故填is equipped。

29. 【答案】which；

 【分析】考查定语从句。这句话用了非限制性定语从句，先行词是invention，定语从句中缺少主语用which引导定语从句。故填which。

30. 【答案】myself；

 【分析】考查反身代词。依据上文的句子：可知没生产厂家想将他的想法生产出来，所以他就自己做了。考查词组by oneself“一个人”，故填myself。

31. 【答案】more appropriate；

 【分析】考查形容词的比较级。我想用“自动商店”这个名字更适合。Far后面接形容词的比较级，故填more appropriate。

32. 【答案】has forced；

 【分析】考查动词的时态和语态。近几年，来自超市连锁店的重压已经迫使乡村商店关门，事实上recent years，和目前完成时连用，由于主语是pressure所以谓语是单数，故填has forced。

33. 【答案】urging；

 【分析】考查非谓语动词的使用方法。估计有400家乡村商店关闭了，强烈需要政府提供经济支持给这类濒临破产的商店或是打造新的社区商店。这里用目前分词做状语，故填urging。

34. 【答案】to；

 【分析】考查介词的搭配。Fox先生期望这个新的创造给没商店的村子提供一个解决的办法。用词组offer sth. to sb. 故填to。

5、 使用适合的单词或短语填空

●   【剖析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍大家都期望有健康的生活方法和饮食，但没时间计划，这里介绍了两种办法，一种是"choicearchitect"，还有一种是“交通灯系统”。

35. 【答案】labels；

 【分析】考查名词搭配。因为在超市里，所以是阅读食物标签（labels）。故选labels。

36. 【答案】commit；

 【分析】考查动词短语搭配。依据所给词语与yourself to a healthier lifestyle，只有commit yourself to（承诺......）符合句意。故选commit。

37. 【答案】relieve；

 【分析】考查动词使用方法。依据后面内容some of the burden of doing it all yourself与前面动词help可知此空应填relieve（减轻），构成“......可以能够帮助减轻一个人做这事的一些负担”。故选relieve。

38. 【答案】impose；

 【分析】考查动词使用方法。依据句子逻辑，此句意思为“政府不必通过法律来强加（impose）更健康的生活方法，如戒烟”。故选impose。

39. 【答案】gentle；

 【分析】考查形容词使用方法。依据设空，本空填形容词，而alert（警觉的）不符合句意，只有gentle（文雅的）符合句意。故选gentle。

40. 【答案】classify；

 【分析】考查动词短语使用方法。本句句意为“英国和瑞典政府引进了所谓的交通灯系统来吧食物分类为健康的或不健康的”，短语classify...as...表示“把......分类为......”，故选classify。

41. 【答案】simply；

 【分析】考查副词使用方法。依据customers cansee at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains __________ bylooking at the lights on the package（客户们只须看包装上的指示灯一眼就能看出每个商品含有多少脂肪、糖和盐）可知，故选simply。

42. 【答案】signals；

 【分析】考查动词使用方法。因为空后所接的是宾语从句，所以该空填及物动词，结合后面indicates的意思可知，该空填signals（表示）。故选signals。

43. 【答案】alert；

 【分析】考查形容词使用方法。依据前面“绿灯表示三种营养的量是健康的”可知“黄灯表示三种营养的量可能有问题”，因此买家应当留神（alert）。故选alert。

44. 【答案】moderation；

 【分析】考查名词词义。依据句子red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients（红灯意味着至少三个营养中的一个是高的）可知，如此的食物应当有节制地（in moderation）吃。故选moderation。

6、 完形填空

●   【剖析】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要研究了大家为何喜欢有事没事闲聊。

45. 【答案】C

 【分析】考查名词辨析。A. 声称；B. 描述；C. 谣言；D. 语言。依据第一段的句子"Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading." 可知，大家人类的大部分对话不是文化的，政治的问题，更不是关于电影和树的讨论，而就是简单的闲言碎语，下文多次出现gossip这个词，故选C。

46. 【答案】B

 【分析】考查副词辨析。A. 偶尔；B. 习惯性地；C. 独立；D. 起初，原来。依据第二段中的"Language is our greatest treasure as a species."可知，语言是大家做为一个物种的最伟大的财富，那样大家习惯如何用它？故选B。

47. 【答案】A

 【分析】考查形容词辨析。A. 社会的；B. 政治的；C. 历史的；D. 文化的。依据第二段中的"involving children, lovers, and colleagues."可知，包含孩子，爱人和同事，这类都是是社会形势，其它选项均不符合，故选A。

48. 【答案】D

 【分析】考查名词辨析。A. 赞赏者，崇拜者；B. 主人；C. 用户；D. 挥霍者。依据第三段中的"So why are we keen on gossiping?"可知，大家为何喜欢说些闲言碎语，由于大家是时间和语言的浪费者吗？故选D。

49. 【答案】A

 【分析】考查形容词辨析。A. 极其要紧的；B. 敏锐的；C. 理想的；D. 困难的。依据第三段中的"It"s not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar." 可知，Robin Dunbar教授不觉得大家是费时，而觉得闲言碎语是非常重要的事情，故选A。

50. 【答案】B

 【分析】考查动词辨析。A. 确认；B. 拒绝；C. 概述；D. 变宽。依据第四段中的"Instead he suggests that language evolved among women."可知，Robin Dunbar教授觉得语言是在妇女中进步进化来的，关于语言是而不是在人类社会进步初期在组织狩猎的时候进步起来的，因此他是反对这个传统的看法的，故选B。

51. 【答案】C

 【分析】考查词组辨析。A. 比如；B.除此之外；C. 相反；D. 结果。依据第四段中的"Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk."可知，正相反的是，Robin Dunbar教授觉得语言进化是让大家说些闲言碎语的，故选C。

52. 【答案】D

 【分析】考查名词辨析。A. 动机；B. 出现，外貌；C. 情感；D. 行为。依据第五段中的"the higher primates like monkeys"和"By means of grooming, cleaning the fur by brushing it…"的描述可知，教授是通过研究灵长类动物的行为得出这个让人开心的理论的，故选D。

53. 【答案】A

 【分析】考查名词辨析。A. 攻击；B. 联系；C. 考察；D. 帮助。依据第五段中的"monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or ..."可知，猴子和其他的个体形成群体来获得在内部冲突事件中或来自外面的进攻时的支持，故选A。

54. 【答案】C

 【分析】考查动词辨析。A. 回忆；B. 不承认；C. 得出结论；D. 坦白。依据第六段中"As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family." 可知，伴随大家人类的进步从一个特定的灵长类动物的分支进化而来的历史来看，教授下结论说，大家在历史上做过一样的事情，故选C。

55. 【答案】D

 【分析】考查名词辨析。A. 前途，预期；B. 责任；C. 领导；D. 保护。依据第六段中的"on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others."可知，由于群体越大，获得的保护就越大，故选D。

56. 【答案】D

 【分析】考查动词辨析。A. 测量；B. 展示；C. 保持；D. 放松，缓和。依据第六段中的"on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others."可知，群体越大，生活在一块的重压就越大，梳理毛发可以缓解重压，让每一个人都冷静下来，故选D。

57. 【答案】B

 【分析】考查动词辨析。A. 节省，挽救；B. 延伸，扩大；C. 消费；D. 获得。依据最后一段中的"But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be…"可知，伴随群体愈加大，花在打扮上的时间就要延长来保持它的成效，故选B。

58. 【答案】B

 【分析】考查形容词辨析。A. 一同的；B. 有效的；C. 科学的；D. 深思的。依据依据最后一段中的 "But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be…to maintain its effectiveness." 可知，这里是需要一个愈加有效的梳理毛发。故选B。

59. 【答案】C

 【分析】考查形容词辨析。A. 间接的；B. 平时的；C. 身体的，物理的；D. 秘密的。依据最后一段中的"language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one…"可知，语言演变成了有声的梳理毛发，它可以叫人们在一对一的平时交流中获得更多的信息，可以和更大的群体进步关系，故选C。

7、 阅读理解

●   【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，说明了自然界也存在不少欺骗其他动物的现象，文章通过举了一些鸟类和大猩猩的例子，说明动物有时会说谎，这也是它们存活的需要。

60. 【答案】D

 【分析】细节理解题。依据第二段的第二句话"a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young."可知，啄木鸟保护孩子不受猎食动物侵害是通过假装受伤，故选D。

61. 【答案】B

 【分析】句意理解题。依据第五段的最后一个句子"But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again."一个输了的大猩猩抓住获胜的大猩猩的手又开始打斗了，可知这句话的意思是大猩猩也会不诚实，故选B。

62. 【答案】A

 【分析】正误判读题。依据文章第六段的句子"But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food"可知，一些大猩猩放低它们的叫声，如此让别的大猩猩得不到食物，故选A。

63. 【答案】A

 【分析】标题概括题。依据全篇文章的内容和第一段第二行的句子"Can they lie with their bodies and behavior?"可知，这篇文章讲的是动物也会说谎，故选A。

●   【剖析】本文是一篇说明文。文章用图文并茂的形式教读者如何在新的一年拟定一个新的决心，从线索到推行到奖励，最后要做到没奖励也能将它变成习惯。

64. 【答案】C

 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章图表里面内容的句子可知，假如对这个奖励不认可，可以选择一个新的奖励，"Choose a new reward"比较适合"The Habit Loop"里面的有问号的方框，故选C。

65. 【答案】D

 【分析】细节理解题。依据文章图表的下方左侧的方框可知，依据"The Habit Loop"所说，你可以通过将计划写下来从而更有效的坚持这个计划，故选D。

66. 【答案】B

 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章最后一段的句子"In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward."可知，用"The Habit Loop"的目的是甚至没回报都可以将一些事情当成习惯做，故选B。

67. 【答案】A

 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章第二段"A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward,"可知，在新年里面下新的决心，先要有线索，然后是常规做法，最后是奖励，这里看见哈利波特的海报是线索，故选A。

●   【剖析】本文是一篇研究报告，是说明文阅读，文章主要介绍了一种名为Be another lab的体验，它可以叫人们互换角色，如此可以在一定量上消除大家之间的偏见，也可以促进人与人的相互理解。

68. 【答案】B

 【分析】词义猜测题。依据第一段She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man."As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."可知女演员可以和男演员互换角色，所以swapping的意思是“交换”，故选B。

69. 【答案】A

 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章第三段Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body. 可知从Be another lab的体验中可以判断出大家的感觉和身体的经验有关，故选A。

70. 【答案】D

 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章第四段Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism—the bias that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. 可知在the Implicit Association test中，在参与者用虚拟现实的眼镜控制一个深色皮肤的人物之前，他们对不像他们的人更有偏见，故选D。

71. 【答案】C

 【分析】推理判断题。依据文章最后一段"At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project可知虚拟现实可以帮助促进大家之间的互相理解，故选C。

8、 阅读表达

●   【剖析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍目前不少公司管理的CSR的三层管理，旨在创办一个既能盈利又有社会责任的公司。

72. 【答案】shareholders and employees；

 【分析】依据文章第一段的最后的句子：But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works. 可知股份持有者和员工发现只不过简单的将钱捐给慈善机关是不够的，故填Shareholders and employees。

73. 【答案】Companies talk to non-governmental organisations and to governments.|||Companies create codes of conduct.|||Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations.|||Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.

 【分析】依据第三段的内容，可知公司会采拿下列防御手段应付危机：和非政府组织和政府谈话：Companies talk to non-government organizations and to governments./公司创造行为准则：Companies create codes of conduct./公司在经营的时候愈加透明：Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations./公司和角逐者一块设置一同的规定：Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks. 故填Companies talk to non-governmental organisations and to governments./Companies create codes of conduct./Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations./Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.

74. 【答案】create value；

 【分析】细节题。依据第四段的句子，The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. 可知第三层的管理CSR是强调机会，旨在创造价值，故填Create value。

75. 【答案】take social responsibilities；

 【分析】依据第六段的前面两句话，Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. 可知好的公司既要能盈利也要有社会责任。故填take social responsibilities。

9、 中文翻译英文

76. 【答案】I'm accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep.

 【分析】这是描述的一种平时行为，故用一般目前时。本句为一简单句，其中be accustomed to doing习惯于做某事。故翻译为I'm accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep。

77. 【答案】It's up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future.

 【分析】这是对事物的一种评价，故用一般目前时。本句可用it作形式主语，what引导一个主语从句；be up to sb. 取决于某人，由某人决定。故翻译为It's up to you what kind of life you will lead in the future。

78. 【答案】There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel program.

 【分析】这是对事物的基本怎么看，故用一般目前时。本句可用否定词+比较级表达最高级的意思，在not more…than…结构中的than为介词，又依据句意“获准参加太空旅游项目”可知，应该用被动结构being allowed to；take part in参加。故翻译为There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel program。

79. 【答案】Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen.

 【分析】这是一种父母教育孩子的平时行为，故用一般目前时。本句中用for fear that引导的目的状语从句表示“以免遭遇不测”；ask sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事。故翻译为Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen。

80. 【答案】While modern society, rich in material resources, has given consumers more choices, it also turns many of them into crazy shoppers.

 【分析】这是对社会现象的怎么看；故用一般目前时。本句为一个while引导的让步状语从句，其中rich in material resources为形容词短语作定语，修饰modern society。turn sb. into将某人变成…...。故翻译为While modern society, rich in material resources, has given consumers more choices, it also turns many of them into crazy shoppers。

10、 书面表达

81. 【答案】Dear Editor,

I've learned that our English Post is being reformed and one of the three columns is to be replaced by a new one. I'm writing this e-mail to share with you my opinions. Needless to say, the columns will definitely be designed according to students' interest and have positive effects on their study and life.

Compared to the entertainment, I hold the view that the value of the columns concerning health and culture is more important. The main factor is that it is of great significance to keep healthy while loss of health means kissing goodbye to life. Consequently, more knowledge of how to keep fit can improve the quality of life. In addition, the progress in acquiring cultures contributes to broadening one's horizons, which in turn is beneficial to one's study and the establishment of philosophy of life.

Furthermore, the career planning should be taken into account in the school English Post. On the one hand, it covers one's career development a great deal. On the other hand, it makes a great difference to one's career success in the future.

What has been mentioned above is my personal ideas. Here I am in the hope that my advice will add a brilliant touch to the improved version of our school English Post.

Yours sincerely,

Cheng Fei

 【分析】本文是一篇信件体应用文，是议论文范畴，话题具备半开放性，贴近生活。依据所提供的材料信息，给校报编辑写一封邮件，就学校英语报改版，拟从现有些三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时髦、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报事宜发表我们的看法。写作时人称以第一和第三人称为主，时态以一般目前时为主。在构思过程中，思路要明确，内容要充实，论证要有说服力，以保证文章衔接自然，行文连贯。