unit 3 课文翻译
Passage A
互联网版权执法——赚钱之道
丹佛——布莱恩·希尔，一位北卡罗来纳州20岁的博主，去年12月在他一个人的博客上发布了一张机场保安职员搜身的照片，没想到由此引来了一场法律战。
一个月后，希尔先生收到一封邮件，发件人是《拉斯维加斯太阳报》的一位记者，他正在调查一家专为报社代理版权诉讼的内华达公司。邮件公告希尔先生，他也是Righthaven公司起诉的对象之一。尽管那张机场照片在希尔先生从网上撤下之前就早已在网上疯传，但这张照片却是《丹佛邮报》11月18日初次刊发的。希尔先生撤下了照片，但为时已晚。法院的传票送到了他的家。该诉讼需要法律赔偿。尽管没提出赔偿的具体数字，但希尔先生被控“故意”侵权，依据联邦版权法，在这样的情况下诉讼方可获得高达15000USD的赔偿。
“我非常震撼，”希尔先生说。“我想，或许这是一个玩笑或者只不过用来吓唬我的。我真不了解那张照片是受版权保护的。”
在过去一年，各大报纸一直在挖空心思保护它们投放在网上的信息内容。Righthaven公司在科罗拉多和内华达州针对未经《丹佛邮报》或《拉斯维加斯评论期刊》的授权直接在网上转贴的资料所提起的类似的联邦诉讼就超越了200起。
旗下拥有《丹佛邮报》的大众媒体集团的副总裁莎拉·格兰斯在一封邮件中说，搜身的照片已在300多个网站上转载用，而这类网站均未注明照片版权是《邮报》或其摄影师。
《评论期刊》的投资人兼斯蒂芬斯媒体的法律总顾问马克·西纽贝尔同意格兰斯的看法，说剪贴文章就是“窃取大家所编辑材料的潜在读者和互联网流量。”
然而，一些批评家却争辩说，Righthaven企业的做法过于严厉，他们期望在大家还没搞了解是不是违反了联邦版权法之前就速战速决。一般情况下，他们不会对当事人进行警示就提起诉讼。Righthaven公司极少预先发出公告，需要网站撤下不是我们的信息资料，而是直接索要赔偿，并需要取消该网站域名。
依据一些对此类案件兴趣日益浓厚的网络法律专家的察看，这种行径十分简单：Righthaven公司搜寻在互联网上转贴的报刊材料，一般是一篇文章、摘录或是一幅照片，再去获得版权，然后由公司就提起诉讼。
圣克拉拉大学法学院高科技法律研究所主任埃里克·戈德曼说，在网上重新粘贴已发布的材料，假如未降低其原有市场价值，就适用“公平用”的原则。关注该诉讼的其他评论家也觉得，出于讨论的目的而重新粘贴的资料不构成侵权。
“很多被告对版权法知之甚少”,戈德曼先生说。“他们不是要与报纸角逐，而只是不了解有关规定。”戈德曼先生曾向被Righthaven公司起诉的公司非正式地建议庭外和解。
“无人真的相信从未在任何地方发表过任何东西的Righthaven公司获得了其诉讼文章的全部所有权，”兰达扎先生如此写道。他的法律小组近期提出动议，驳回Righthaven企业的其他两起案件，并指控该公司涉嫌版权索赔欺诈。
吉布森先生不承认他们诉讼的特定目的是不知情的博主并提到对德拉吉先生的诉讼。Righthaven公司指控“德拉吉报导网站”未经允许贴出了机场保安搜身的照片。吉布森先生说诉讼最后达成庭外和解。“无论是粘贴显示在Momandpop.com还是Chicagotribune.com上，转移网站受众的害处已经形成，”他说。“假如指控成立，说大家纯粹是一家贪婪的公司，而不是在推进版权法权益，那大家就不会处置网站受众转移的问题。”
格兰斯女性说，大众媒体集团“审察过每个违规事件、但只核准那些针对刊登广告而非从事慈善活动的网站提起的诉讼。”
希尔先生患有自闭症儿童和糖尿病，和妈妈靠残疾救助生活。他说Righthaven公司曾一度提出仅需赔偿6000USD，但遭到他的拒绝。科罗拉多州的一位律师大卫·科尔一直在为他进行免费辩护。
一位主持该案件的联邦法官上个月批评Righthaven公司借助法庭与那些担忧诉讼成本可能高昂的被告达成和解。不久后，Righthaven公司自愿舍弃诉讼，声称之前他们的确不了解希尔先生的健康情况。但同时Righthaven公司在法庭文件中指出，舍弃对该案件的起诉并不意味着舍弃对其他侵权人的起诉，并警告希尔先生不要再继续用受著作权保护的资料。
希尔先生近期决定恢复我们的uswgo.com网站，他把遭起诉后撤下的各种政治文章和我们的考虑评述都加上了有关链接。在网站上，希尔先生也发布了一则阐释自己怎么看的告示，说明该网站所挂材料，即便未得到用许可，也符合公平用的原则。不过，这一次希尔先生说他会绕开任何或许会使他陷入与Righthaven公司产生麻烦的影像或故事。
Passage B
你是版权犯罪者吗?
因为新的扫描和复制技术的应用，与互联网内容的传播，在筹备报告演示时，大家非常难防止对别人著作权的侵害。然而，作家、程序设计员、艺术家和著作权所有人正在掌握用新战术和技术来捍卫我们的权利，面对侵权他们变得愈加勇敢。假如你不知道版权规则，你就大概败诉于法庭。
你在工作中是不是见到过如此的人：他们有时是厚颜无耻，有时又非常健忘，毫无顾忌地进行违法侵权行为。或许，你也会无声无息地成为他们之中的一员。
他们是版权剽窃者——假冒“迪尔伯特”漫画，从杂志上扫描照片，从网上下载图片，从贸易期刊上复印文章，拷贝音频文件，剪辑视频节目片断或光盘音乐到他们的演示报告里和印刷材料里，他们根本就没理会如此做会践踏别人的著作权。
有的人是明知故犯，他们心存侥幸，觉得被捉住的可能性非常小，冒险去盗用那些现存的、优质的内容，这种盗用不费吹灰之力，但回报却是巨大的。而另一些人则没意识到，对那些已经存在的材料一文章、图片、音乐、歌曲、原稿或电影片段——看上去合法的再借助，其实也是侵权行为。
奥特姆·贝尔是一位负责职员培训的专家，常常为新墨西哥大学做宣传演示。她说过去在为电信公司工作时她亲眼目睹并参与了很多涉嫌滥用著作权的行为。在那里，她和经理们一块工作，为了节省钱，经理们就命令下属复印其他企业的培训材料。她还看到很多小的违章行为，如公然很多复印和散发宣传手册和资料。在六年的时间里，“我从未听人提到版权这个词，”贝尔说。
对那些忙碌的报告人来讲是比较容易忽视版权的，毕竟，报告筹备是有最后期限限制的，报告还须事先排练。有时，你前一周在《财富》杂志上读到的文章，或前一天从网上下载的照片正好合适你明天将提交的报告你会去考虑版权许可吗?可哪个有空闲呢?你可能觉得应给予版权人一点象征性的报酬。可能，你会觉得著作权拥有者正期望有人免费替他做广告，不是么?况且，他们发现的可能性又有多大呢?
但现实是：无论你演示的报告是用在公司内还是给外面的观众看，你被发现侵犯版权的几率每天都在增加，同样你被罚重金的可能性也与日俱增。侵犯著作权的法定赔付金每例可达到20000USD，而且，在某些蓄意侵犯的状况下，因为事实上的损失超越了罚金，可以被判高达100000USD的法定赔付金。除此之外，目前依据美国法律，10个以上的拷贝和价值2500USD以上的商业版权侵犯都会定为重罪。
在近期的一个案例中，有个公司被罚了7位数的赔付金，其缘由是未经授权就复印了一家贸易期刊上的文章并存档后在内部散发。在公司林立的美国几乎天天都有类似的侵权行为发生。并且，盗版在网络上的增加使得执证组织、维权团体和其他的版权警察不能不采取行动来捍卫他们版权人的权利。
培训媒体协会—一家培训录像销售企业的监督机构公布：但凡举报非法复印或未经批准就将现有些培训录像“公开放映”的人都能得到10000USD的奖赏。近期，一个临时职业代理处的雇员向TMA培训媒体协会报告，该处做了4份非法录像拷贝,并将拷贝发到他的50个办公室用，为此，这个代理处付出了6位数的庭外和解成本。
联合媒体——“迪尔伯特”漫画的批发商——直呼吁大家从他们的公开网站和内部网站上清除非法刊登的“迪尔伯特”漫画。ASCAP和BMI也规定凡在公众场合播放受版权保护的音乐需要得到他们的批准，并声称这一规定适用于大部分商业环境。据了解，这两家机构将把大型会议中心和旅馆纳入他们巡查的范围之中，以确保那些公共场合播放的，即便是非常短的音乐片段，也需要获得许可。
你觉得这类关于滥用版权的讨论过分了吗?难道认识到保护好自己以免受起诉的法律只不过另一个繁文缛节的一纸空文吗?难道在那些从事报告演示工作的人群中公开的盗版者只是寥寥无几吗?大家对这类问题的回答，必然会使你大吃一惊。
尽管很多版权滥用案例的影响不大或仅为一些偶然事件一有的忙碌的报告演示人，虽然赞成版权法，但他们又时常忽视版权许可的需要。另一些报告人对公开放映的版权不甚知道，或者把合理用的条约延伸到极限。为写作本文所做的访谈和调查表明，那些常常进行报告演示的人紧急缺少有关版权法的常识。公布在Listservs网站上为期两月的“回顾评论”引来报告演示人和培训职员的不断光顾，察看表明他们中不少人把违犯版权法视为家常便饭，对如何才是合法用常见缺少知道。
的确，培训媒体协会在1993的调查中发现30%以上被调查企业的资料室中的录像是非法拷贝，印好的练习材料中75%以上是非法复印。TMA董事长鲍勃·格尔克说，可能在调查后的六年时间里状况会变得愈加糟糕。格尔克觉得，一个典型的著作权侵犯者总是“自觉得是一个为公司节省了钱的英雄，特别是当公司预算紧张时。”
unit 3 习题答案
Lead-in
1.exclusive
2.fixed
3.authorize
4.distributor
5.raised
6.downloading
7.products
8.ordered it to pay $25000
9.An exact number of CDs and total damages will be determined at a November hearing
10.We beheve that everyone should have the right to listen to the music they purchase
Communicative Tasks
Task 1
Shopkeeper:May I help you,sir?
Jim:Yes.I'm looking for amobile phone,but I'm not sure how tochoose one.There are so many types and styles.Shopkeeper:That's true,but there are a couple of things you should keep in mind when you buy one.
Jim:Really!What are the tips?
Shopkeeper:The first is how much money you can afford,and what features on the phone you actually need.
Jim:What about brand name?
Shopkeeper:Going by brand name is not always going to be good for you as there are many pirate phones for sale.It'seasy to tell:if the phone has an famous expensive brand,but the price is relatively low,it is probably a fake.
Jim:That makes sense,but my cousin bought a Nokia on sale for a good price.He mailed in the registration and got aletter back from Nokia.
Shopkeeper:Situations are different.It is usually OK if you buy a phone on sale,but be sure you buy it at the brandname dealers shop.Don't buy one off the street.
Jim:I see.
Shopkeeper:Another way to detect a fake is that you should have checked the serial numbers on the device.If thenumber is taped on,or if the brand name is misspelled,don't buy it.
Jim:OK,thanks for the help.I have 1,500 yuan to spend.Can you recommend a phone for me?
Task 2
Tom:Is this your new electronic dictionary?
Jason:Yes.I bought it from a street shop the day before yesterday
Tom:Oh.Have you used it?How does it work?
Jason:Ijust operate itjust now.It seems to be work a litle bit slow than my last one.
Tom:Ia m afraid you have bought a fake.Jason:Why?
Tom:Let me ask you a few question first.How much does it cosplayt?Jason:$300.
Tom:Wow,that's a big discount!I see from the internet that this a brand new product,the online price is even moreexpensive than the price you got it.Do you have any receipt?Jason:No.
Tom:Now Iam sure you are cheated Maybe not for long,your electronic dictionary would malfunction.
Jason:What?No,I will return it and ask for refund this afternoon.
Passage A
Think about It
1.This is a controversial issue.On the one hand,those who support it believe that downloading music for free issomething that most of us have done every now and then.It is certainly no high crime.On the other hand,those whoare against it argue that it's no different from going into the artist's house and stealing his CD off the shelf.In this way,you are not only hurting music ians but also breaking the law.
2.If one answers the question from a strictly legal point of view,copyright infringement is clearly not theft It is only aviolation of one or more specific statutes,violation is different from theft.In general,the legal definition of theftinvolves the unauthorized taking of another's property.Makinga copy of a protected work does not involve taking thatproperty ---it involves violating the owners'right to control copying of the property.
3.The purpose of copyright law is to promote the progress of useful arts and science by protecting the exclusive right ofauthors and inventors.
Content Awareness
2.Read the passage carefully and match the following 9 statements with the people who made or denied them in the box below.Write the letter A-G in the brackets behind each statement.You may use some of the letters more than once.
1.G
2.D
3.A
4.B
5.F
6.E
7.A
8.C
9.G
3.Discuss with your partner and try to figure out the answers to the following questions.Share your thoughts andresponses with the class.
1.Mr.Hill posted on his web site a photograph of an airport security officer conducting a pat-down,which wasclaimed by The Denver Post.
2.He was accused of“willful”infringement.
3.They should be exempted from being sued because many of them were ill-informed about the copyright law andthey did not violate it intentionally;they simply didn't know the rules.
4.Because the company often extracts swift settlement before it is clear to the defendants that there is a violation offederal copyright law.The suits are often filed without warning.
5.If it finds a newspaper article republished on the Web,it tries to obtain the full ownership of the article,and then itfiles its suit against the use on the Web.
6.7.Shortly after the company was aware of Mr.Hill's health problem,they moved voluntarily to drop the suit.爱
4.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word.
infringement
copyrighted
ultimately
echoed
contended
diminish
ill-informed
ownership
revive
links
Language Focus
5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.
1.infringed
2.echoed
3.excerpted
4.qualify
5.legal
6.revived
7.accused
8.tactics
9.diminished
10.fraudulent
6.Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage.
Change the form where necessary.
1.looking into
2.accused of
3.grapple with
4.presided over
5.steer clear
7.Each of the verbs and nouns /noun phrases in the following lists occurs in Passage A.Choose the noun /noun phrasethat you think colloc ates with the verb and write it down in the blank.
1.be accused of infringement
2.constitute the fair use
3.compete with a newspaper
4.file a lawsuit
5.diminish the market value
6.obtain the copyright
7.revive the Web site
8.seek damages
9.demand forfeiture
10.reap the benefit
11.take down the photo
12.preside over the case
8.Translate the following sentences into English.
1.You should pluck off the dead flowers in time.
2.I don't think what you said really qualifies as an answer
3.Our shouts echoed through the silent streets.
4.There is no doubt that his grades have improved and his interest in learning has revived.
5.The Smiths have filed for divorce in the divorce court.
9.Read and compare the English sentences,paying attention to the italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences bysimulating the structure of the English sentences.
1.It is of course aridiculous fancy.Being a tycoon is the last thing I imagine and also a thing I utterly despise.
2.The researchers say that children under stress at home can cause problems in the classroom,which ultimately hurtsall the students'ability to learn.
3.Astudy in the medical journal echoes the warning of an impending health catastrophe brought about by the financialcrisis,saying there are signs of a sharp rise in mental health problems and suicide.
4.When pupils are practicing cheating for the purpose of obtaining better school marks than they deserve,they aresurely training themselves for lives of dec eit and dishonesty.
5.Would people beable to drive a car,a bus and any other vehicle on the roadway if there were no traffic regulations?
10.Work in pairs to discuss or debate the following TOPic.
John:Why is it that people have such a difficult time following copyright laws?
Yang:There are underdeveloped countries in the world.People in those countries cannot afford entertainment ortechnology unless it is pirated and sold on the black market.
John:But they are breaking the copyright laws,and violating the rights of those who created the music,software,movie,or idea.That's illegal
Yang:How,then,do you propose they are deprived of entertainment,aside from thatcreated in their own countries?Indeveloped countries,like American,citizens are aware of the importance of copyright,while in those poorcountries,people don't pay much attention to it or they have no money for it.
John:In America,not all people can afford entertainment and new technology,either.Thus people should spend their
money wisely.Copyright laws keep the creatorsmaking their share of the profits for their own idea.
Yang:Then what methods should US government take to keep American college students from downloading illegalmusic on Internet?
John:The US should work to protect people's property and their right to information online.
Yang:I think you are holding a double-standard.If people in the US can download free music or buy cheap,fake
goods,then why is it wrong for people in poorer countries to do the same,just to have entertainment at all?John:It does not sound like a problem which can be easily solved,does it?
Yang:No,it won't be solved unless there is a global mandate to ease copyright protection laws or Western companiesprorate their prices to meet the income levels of poorer countries.
11.Write a short passage of 120 words or so on the TOPic "Fighting Against Piracy."Fighting Against Piracy
Nowadays the problem of piracy has become increasingly severe.Because people are lack of knowledge aboutpiracy issues,and they are hold the indifferent attitude.
At present,piracy is strongly evident in the commercial world in the widespread of illegal softwares and DVDs,theinclusion of copyrighted pictures,web graphics,video clips and magazine portions in business presentations and thephotocopying of books and articles for distribution without the author's permission.
There are two negative consequences of piracy.Firstly,the copyright owners are likely to suffer financial losses.Sec ondly,the copyright owner loses recognition,if the source of the material is unacknowledged
Therefore it is important for all citizens to be aware of piracy issues,to follow copyright laws in their own lives,andto encourage their colleagues and friends to do the same.
Passage B
Think about It
1.Open.Yes.There are two reasons as follows:1)Pirated products are substantaly cheaper than the leg itimate products.
2)Sometimes,pirated products'quality is not so bad as people have expected.
2.Open.Yes.Iusually download music,movies,books and softwares from the Internet.
3.Open.Yes.When downloading music and movies.I am afraid that the websites supplying such kind o f serviceshaven't got the permission from the copyright owner.
Content Awareness
12.Decide whether the following statements are true or false.Write "T"for true and"F"for false in the blanks.
1.F
2.T
3.T
4.F
5.F
13.Answer the following questions with information from the passage.
1.Bec ause they are using new tactics and technologies to enforce their rights.
2.Because they don't want to payfor the use of the copyrighted materials or they give the copyright short shrift to.
3.Commercial copyright violation involving more than 10 copies and a value of more than $2500.
4.To encourage people to report on illgal copying or unauthorized“public performance”of off-the-shelf trainingvideos.
5.It shows there is a general lack of understanding about what constitutes legal use.
Language Focus
14.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.
1.have witnessed
2.trample
3.abusing
4.manual
5.duplic ated
6.knowingly
7.tactic
8.patrolling
9.budget
10.enforce
15.Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage.Change the form where necessary.
1.end up
2.give;short shrift
3.step up;to
4.infringed on
5.doesn't fit into
16.Each of the verbs and nouns in the following lists occurs in Passage B.Choose the noun that you think collocateswith the verb and write it down in the blank.
1.a fine
2.rights /law
3.law /rights
4.money
5.deadlines
6.a presentation
7.rehearsals
8.a copy /money
9.permission
10.an interview
17.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.
Righthaven被觉得是一家惯以代表报纸业主针对其报道内容遭其他网站转载而诈取经济赔偿的代理公司。其做法是报纸把“起诉权”让渡给Righthaven,令其代表自己提起诉讼，最后与Righthaven利益分摊。Righthaven企业的主要方案是地毯式搜索，对他们所发现的每一个“目的”进行法律威胁，全然不考虑其倡导正确与否。如果遇上敢于硬碰硬的对手，他们就立即撤诉。这可是经典的“版权钓鱼”把戏!
而今，Righthaven已经走到行凑合木的地步了。他们丧失了对域名的所有权92674328.
Yours since rely,
David Smith
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