U10
必会词语
1. healthy
adj. 健康的；有益于健康的
e. g. It is healthy to eat fruit. 吃水果对身体有好处
You look very healthy. 你看着非常健康
unhealthy adj. 不健康的，对健康有害的
【友情提示】un-是一个用来构成反义词的前缀，表示“不”的意思。其他的如：important要紧的- unimportant无关紧要的等。
【辨析】healthy 和 healthful
healthy 主要指身体健康，可修饰人或动物.
e.g. a healthy baby 健康的婴儿
a healthy panda 一只健康的熊猫
也指身体各部分乃至食欲等的正常
e.g. have a healthy appetite 食欲正常
healthful 意为“增进健康的”；一般仅指有益于健康的
e.g. healthful food 有益于健康的食品
healthful exercise 有益于健康的训练
但目前也可以用 healthy 代替 healthful, 比如：
healthy food 健康食品 healthy outdoor work 有益于健康的户外活动
2. eating
n. 吃；饮食
e.g. Healthy eating is good for our body. 健康饮食能够帮助大家的身体
【记忆链接】 eating-house eating-place 食肆；餐馆；饭店
3. diet
n. 菜谱
平时食物
e. g. His illness is because of poor diet. 他的疾病是由于差的饮食.
v. 节食
e. g. You need to diet and take more exercise. 你应该节食并多做运动.
4. pyramid
n. 金字塔
e. g. Pyramid is a great project for man. 金字塔对人类来讲是一项巨大的工程.
【友情提示】 金字塔是埃及最为有名的建筑，被列为古时候世界七大奇观之一。埃及的金字塔建于4500年以前，是古埃及国王为自己修建的陵墓。
5. salt
n. 盐
e.g. I think you should eat little salt. 我觉得你应该少吃盐.
v. （1）用盐腌（食物）
e.g. She is salting beef.她正在腌牛肉.
盐撒在…..上使冰或雪融化
e. g. Peope salt on the road to melt ice and snow after a heavy snow.
在一场大雪过后，大家将盐撒在路上融化冰雪.
【记忆链接】 salty adj.盐的；咸的
【容易见到词组】 a grain of salt 一粒盐 a salt-water fish 咸水鱼 table salt 调味盐
sea salt 海盐 bath salt 浴盐 salt-mine 盐矿
6. yogurt
n. 酸奶；酸酪乳
e. g. Do you like yogurt?你喜欢酸奶吗？
I think yogurt is good for our health. 我感觉酸酪乳对大家的健康有益。
【友情提示】在英语中，yogurt常被拼写为yoghurt。在口语中，yogurt有时也可数，比如：two strawberry yogurts表示“两杯草莓酸奶”
7. a little少量，少许
e. g. Please give the cat a little water. 请给猫一些水。
I have a little money. 我有一些钱。
【友情提示】 a little后只能跟不可数名词，表示“一点点”。比如：
We need a little sugar every day. 大家天天仅需少量的糖。
假如要修饰可数名词的话，需用a few, 比如：
Mum only bought a few apples. 母亲只买了几个苹果。
8. plenty of很多的，很多
e. g. There is plenty of water in the river because of rain. 由于下雨河里有很多的水。
There are plenty of flowers in the garden. 花园里有不少花。
【友情提示】 plenty of与a lot of一样，后面可以跟可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。比如：
I am very hungry. I need plenty of food. 我非常饿。我需要很多食物。
I have got plenty of stamps. 我有很多邮票。
9. fresh
adj. 新鲜的；淡的；无盐的
e.g. People drink fresh water, not salty water. 大家喝淡水，不喝咸水.
【容易见到词组】 fresh flowers 鲜花 fresh fish 鲜鱼，生鱼
fresh colours 鲜艳的色彩 feel fresh 感觉清爽爽快
a fresh hand 小白 make a fresh start 重新开始
10. exercise
n.训练；训练
e.g. Walking, running and jumping are all healthy forms of exercise. 走路、跑步和跳远都是健康的体育训练.
We do morning exercises and eye exercises every day. 大家天天都做早操和眼保健操
【注意】exercise作“训练”讲解时，是不可数名词；但作“做操”、“训练”讲解时，是可数名词.
11. countryside
n. 乡村
e.g. The English countryside looks at its best in spring. 英国的乡村在春季景色最好看的.
【辨析】country 和 countryside
country 和 countryside 都可以意为“农村”.
e. g. I live in the city, and he lives in the country. 我住在城市，他住在农村.
.
e. g. I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.
我坐在公共汽车的前部，以便更好的看一看农村的风光.
12. fit
adj. 健康的
e.g. He's been ill and isn't fit for work yet. 他一直生病，尚不可以工作.
适合的；适合的
e. g. The food was not fit for human. 这种食物不适合人吃.
v.适合；合身
e.g. These shoes don't fit me. 这双鞋我穿着不适合.
13. stay
v. 逗留
stay 表示暂时的停留，而 live 表示长期居住
【常用短语】stay away from 维持距离；不打扰
e. g. Jim stayed away from school. 吉姆不上学了.
Stay away from me.please. 请勿打扰我
stay for /to sth 呆在某人家（吃饭）
e.g. Why don't you stay for dinner? 你为何不吃了饭再走?
14. porridge n. 粥
e. g. I have a bowl of porridge for breakfast every day. 我天天早餐喝一碗粥。
Don’t put sugar in the porridge. 不要往粥里放糖。
【友情提示】do porridge是一个习语，意思是“坐牢；服刑”，比如：
He will do porridge two years because of stealing. 他由于盗窃将坐牢两年。
15. than conj. 比
e. g. He works harder than me. 他工作比我努力。
I like apples than bananas. 我喜欢苹果多于香蕉。
prep. 用在名词或代词前表示比较关系：
e. g. I’m older than her. 我比她年龄大。
Nobody understands the situation better than you．哪个也不如你更知道状况。
用于more和less之后和表示时间、距离等词汇前，表明做某事所用的时间。
e. g. It cosplayts me more than l00 yuan. 这个花了我100多元。
It’s less than a mile to the school.离学校不到一英里。
16. as ...as 像……一样;好似
用于副词和形容词之前，构成比较句型.
（1）第二个as 用作介词
e. g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高.
（2）第二个 as 用作连词
e.g. Run as fast as you can. 你能跑多快就跑多快.
17. habit
n.习惯，爱好
e. g. He has many bad habits. 他有很多不好的习惯。
【容易见到短语】be in the / a habit of 惯于，有某种习惯
18. quiz n. 问答竞赛；小型考试，测验
e. g. John attended a quiz on television yesterday. 约翰昨天参加了一个电视问答竞赛。
Here's a quiz about eating habits. 这里有一份关于饮食习惯的小测试。
19. before
conj. 在……之前
e. g. Do it before you forget. 趁早动手，免得忘了.
不愿
e.g. I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him. 我宁死也不向他道歉.
【友情提示】 before 作“宁可”讲时等于 rather than.
比如上面的句子也可以如此说: I'd shoot myself rather than I apologized to him.
20. should modal v. 应该
e. g. You should sTOP smoking. 你应该戒烟。
21. suggestion
n.（1）建议
e. g. On you suggestion I bought the red hat.根据你的建议我买了红色的帽子.
（2）暗示；联想
e. g. Most adverti百度竞价推广ents work through suggestion. 广告多通过启发人的联想力而发挥用途.
【记忆链接】suggest v.建议；建议；暗示
e. g. I suggest Paris as a good place for a holiday. 我建议去巴黎，那是个度假的好地方.
训练：
I Complete the sentences with 'some' or 'any'.
Is there ice cream here?
There isn't water in the bottle.
There are vegetables in the kitchen.
We don't need rice.
We can't find books on the shelf.
【Keys】1 any 2 any 3 some 4 any 5 any
Ⅱ Complete the words according to the sentences.
I like chocolate very much. It's my f food.
I had coffee with milk and s for breakfast yesterday.
We need p of fresh fruit every day.
He is very fat because he doesn't do any e .
Your diet is h than any other people in our company.
【Keys】1 favourite 2 sugar 3 plenty 4 exercise 5 healthier
必会词组
1.healthy eating 健康的饮食=a healthy diet keep healthy, keep us healthy, keep our health
2. good diets and bad diets 好的菜谱和不好的菜谱
3. a food pyramid 一个食物金字塔 how much of each kind of food
4. need a little fat, salt and sugar 需要一点脂肪，盐和糖 a little=some
5. need plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables plenty of=a lot of=lots of=many=much=enough
6. fresh fruit and vegetables 新鲜的水果和蔬菜 need a lot of rice, noodles and bread
7.How much fruit do we need every day?
How much+UN.
How many+CN.
some+CN./UN.
8. stay with his cousin stay with sb. 和某人呆在一块
训练：
1. Fred is the __________ in his class .
2. My book is ________ than my sister’s .
3. That piece of chicken is the ___________in the fridge .
4. Her rule is ______, and it’s the _______of ours all .
5. Is a fish _________ than a bird ?
3、必会要点
1. It shows us how much of each kind of food we need every day. 它告诉大家天天所需每种食物的量。
★show意为“显示，告知”，为动词，比如：
His expression shows how unhappy he is. 他的表情说明他很不开心。
★show sb sth意为“让某人看某物”也可以表达为show sth to sb。比如：
The English teacher shows the students a photo of the Great Wall.
=The English teacher shows a photo of the Great Wall to the students. 英语老师给学生们展示了一张长城的照片。
★each意为“每一，每一个”；each kind of是说“每一种”。
e.g. Thete are lots of trees on each side of the road. 在路的每一边都有不少树。
2. How much sugar do we need every day?大家天天需要多少糖？
how much用于对不可数名词数目的提问，need在这里用作实义动词，意为“需要”。比如：
-How much fruit do we need every day?大家天天需要多少水果？
-We need plenty of fruit every day. 大家天天需要很多水果。
3. We need a little sugar every day. 大家天天需要一点糖。
need在这里作实义动词，意为“需要”。
need to do sth /need sth. 意思为：需要去做某事／需要某物。比如：
We need to wash our hands before meals. 吃饭前大家需要洗手。
否定句：We don't need to wash our hands before meals. 吃饭前大家无需洗手。
She needs food and clothes. 她需要食物和衣物。
否定句：She doesn’t need food or clothes. 她无需食物和衣物。
need作情态动词，后直接加动词原形need do sth, 否定形式为：needn't do sth。比如：
Ben needn't clean the room now. 本无需目前打扫房间。
Students needn't go to school at weekends. 学生们周末不需要去上学。
4. One day, Mr Lin went to visit Miss Chen and had lunch with her. 一天，林先生去拜访陈小姐并和她一块吃了午餐。
one day指“一天”，既可指过去的某一天，也可指以后的某一天，比如：
One day, I went to see my grandparents last week. 上个星期的一天，我去看望了我的祖爸爸妈妈。
visit sb的意思是“拜访，探望某人”，还可以用see sb来表示相同的意思，但前者更正式一些，比如：
We plan to visit Miss Black. =We plan to see Miss Black. 大家计划去看望布莱克小姐。
5. What did you have for lunch?你午餐吃的什么？
have sth for breakfast/lunch/dinner早／午／晚餐吃某物，比如：
-What do you usually have for lunch?你平常午餐吃那些？
-I usually have bread, jam and a cup of coffee. 我常常吃面包，果酱，再喝一杯咖啡。
-What did you have for dinner last night?昨晚你晚餐吃的什么？
-I had some steamed fish and some rice. 我吃的蒸鱼和米饭。
6. One was…and the other was…一个…, 另一个…
one ...the other… 指“一…另一…”是指两者中的“一个；另一个。”比如：
I have two hats. One is red, and the other is yellow. 我有两顶帽子，一顶是红色的，另一顶是黄色的。
7. Your diet is less healthy than my diet. 你的菜谱不如我的菜谱健康。
句中的less healthy than讲解为“不及…健康”。
less+原级十than等于not so十原级+as，比如：
①Helen is less busy than Mary.=Helen is not so busy as Mary. 海伦没玛丽忙。
②You are less careful than he.=You are not so careful as he. 你没他仔细。
【友情提示】less十形容词／副词+than的结构表示“不如…（如何）”。比如：
This meeting is less important than that one. 这个会议不如那个会议要紧。
That book is less interesting than this one. 那本书不如这本书有趣。
上述两句话又可以改为：This meeting isn’t as important as that one. ／That book isn’t as interesting as this one. 意思没改变。
8. Your diet is as healthy as my diet. 你的饮食和我的饮食一样健康。
as healthy as意为“和…一样健康”
as ...as表示“和…一样（如何）”，两个as之间可以放形容词或副词。比如：
I can walk as fast as Mike. 我能和迈克跑得一样快。
它的否定式是not as/so ...as，表示“不如……（如何）”。比如：
Your dog isn't as beautiful as mine. 你的小狗不如我的小狗漂亮。
训练：
I. Choose the best answer.
1. There is rice left. Let's buy some.
A. some B. any C. a little D. little
2. What do you usually have_____________breakfast?
A. at B. for C. in D. to
3. Mrs Sun a healthy diet and worked in a factory.
A. has B. had C. have D. having
4. I don't like__________rice dumplings with meat. I like sweet ones.
A. salt B. salty C. health D. healthy
5. --Would you like to have dinner with me tonight?
--_______________.
A. Yes, I'd love to B. Thank you all the same
C. You're welcome D. That's all right
6. We should not eat a lot of ______________.
A. boiled vegetables B. hamburgers
C. vegetable soup D. milk and water
7. Grandpa Chen is too fat. He is not______________.
A. healthy B. unhealthy C. tall D. short
8. __________rice did you have yesterday evening?
A. How many B. How much C. How soon D. How far
【Keys】1-5 DBBBA 6-8 BAB
4、必会语法
形容词的比较等级
I比较级和最高级的构成
1）规则变化
类别 | 构成办法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
单音节词和少数双音节词 | 一般直接在词尾加-er，-est | long | longer | longest |
以e结尾时加-r，-st | late | later | latest | |
以辅音字母加y结尾时，把y变i，再加-er，-est | easy happy | easier happier | easiest happiest | |
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est | big hot thin fat | bigger hotter thinner fatter | biggest hottest thinnest fattest | |
多音节词和部分双音节词 | 在原级前加more，most | careful | more careful | most careful |
beautiful | more beautiful | most beautiful |
2）不规则变化
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good/well | better | best |
many/much | more | most |
little | less | least |
bad/badly/ill | worse | worst |
old | older（年龄较大的） elder（较年长的） | oldest（年龄最大的） eldest（最年长的） |
far | farther（较远） further（进一步） | farthest（最远） furthest（最大限度） |
训练：
1) 选出正确的答案
1. This pencil is ___________ than that one.
A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long
2. I think science is ____________ than language. What do you think?
A. important B. more important C. much important D. most important
3. Who jumped _________ of the two boys?
A. higher B. high C. more high D. highest
【Keys】 1. C 2.B 3. A
2) 用所给词的适合形式填空
1. Simon is ________ at English than Amy.
2. The blue car is _____________________ of all.
3. She is ___________ in my family.
4. I think hiking is _____________ than diving.
5. He works _________ than I do.
【Keys】1. better 2. the most expensive 3. the busiest 4. more interesting 5. harder
II．原级使用方法
1）有表示绝对定义的副词very, too, so, enough, quite 等修饰时，用其原级。如：
The boy is too young. He plays the piano very well.
2）表示A与B 在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词或副词的原级。
一定句中的结构：“A…+ as +形容词/副词原级 + as + B”。如：
English is as interesting as Chinese. He runs as fast as Jim.
否定句中的结构：“A…+ not as/so +形容词/副词原级 + as + B”。如：
Lesson One isn’t as difficult as Lesson Two.
否定句的结构等于less +形容词/副词原级+ than。如：
Lesson One is less difficult than Lesson Two.
3）表示A是B 的…….倍时，A…..+倍数+as +形容词原级+as+ B
Our school isthree times/twice as big as theirs. The red pencil is half as long as the blue pencil.
III．比较级使用方法
1）表示两者进行比较时用形容词或副词的比较级，其结构为“A …+ 比较级+than + B”。如：
I am taller than you. He did better than me.
注意：在比较时，应该注意比较的对象要一致。My pencil is longer than yours. （不需要you）
2）有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far等修饰时，用形容词/副词的比较级。如：
It’s much warmer today. This bottle is a little bigger than that one.
3）在两者之间进行选择，“哪一个更……”,用句型“Which/Who is +形容词/副词比较级，A or B?”。如：
Who is taller, Mike or Ted? Which one is the longer, the pen or the pencil?
4）表示“两者之间”最……的一个””时，常用“the + 比较级”结构。如：
Bob is the taller of the two boys. Being is the bigger of the two.
5）表示“愈加……”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+ and + 比较级”，句中有多音节词或部分双音节词时用“more and more + 原级”结构。如：
The weather is getting warmer and warmer. Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
6）表示“越……就越……”时，用“the + 比较级， the +比较级”结构。如：
The more you eat, the fatter you will be. The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
IV．最高级使用方法
1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用其最高级形式。形容词最高级前需要加定冠词the，副词的最高级前可不加。句末常接一个in/of短语来表示范围。如：
What’s the best sport in summer? Li Dong sings best of the four boys.
形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不可以再用定冠词the。如：
Li Ming is my best friend. This is our best lesson today.
2）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Who is the +最高级，A, B or C?”。如：
Which is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?
3）表示“最……的之一”时，用“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词的复数”结构。如：
Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.
4）形容词最高级前可加序数词，表示“第几最……”。如：
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
5）形容词比较级结构可表示最高级含义。如：
Li Lei is __________in his class.李磊是他班里最高的学生。
=Li Lei is taller than __________ in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than __________ in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than __________ in his class.
=Li Lei is __________ in his class.
